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Disease overviewSub-Saharan Africa, Caribbean and Oceania

What is African tick bite fever?

African tick bite fever is a spotted fever rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia africae and typically associated with fever, headache, muscle pain, swollen local lymph nodes and one or more dark eschars.

Reviewed by VuxLore® Knowledge Team For Travellers and residents

Short answer

African tick bite fever is a spotted fever rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia africae and typically associated with fever, headache, muscle pain, swollen local lymph nodes and one or more dark eschars.

At a glance

It is commonly recognised in travellers after rural, safari or animal-contact exposure, but symptoms may not begin until after returning home.

Key takeaways

• Mention travel in the previous two weeks.

• An eschar can be an important clue.

• Seek medical assessment for fever after exposure.

A travel history can unlock the diagnosis

Amblyomma ticks are important vectors and may be encountered around livestock or wildlife. The illness is often mild to moderate, but self-diagnosis is unsafe because serious infections can look similar.

Do not wait for every textbook feature

Rash or an obvious remembered bite may be absent. Tell the clinician the countries, rural activities and dates involved.

Sources and further reading