Species profile

Southern paralysis tick / Tasmanian paralysis tick

Ixodes cornuatus

An Australian paralysis tick occurring particularly in Tasmania and Victoria, where it can infest people and companion animals.

Ixodes cornuatus adult female capitulum in ventral view, shown as panel a in a comparative scientific figure
Panel a shows the ventral capitulum of an adult female Ixodes cornuatus. Other panels in the source figure show related Ixodes species for scientific comparison.

Image credit:Kwak et al.; CC BY 4.0; source Parasites & Vectors, Figure 2 Licence terms — Avautuu uuteen ikkunaan.Source — Avautuu uuteen ikkunaan.

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Quick facts

An Australian paralysis tick occurring particularly in Tasmania and Victoria, where it can infest people and companion animals.

Can cause clinically important tick paralysis in companion animals. Veterinary assessment is required when weakness or paralysis is suspected.

Recorded in Tasmania and southeastern mainland Australia, especially Victoria. Presence and encounter frequency vary locally.

Identification

Species-level confirmation should use authoritative morphological keys and, where necessary, expert or molecular examination. Photographs, host and location alone may be insufficient.

Identification requires the complete combination of family, genus and species-level morphological characters.

Use authoritative comparative keys; do not rely on colour, size, host or geography as a single diagnostic feature.

Photographs alone cannot always confirm this species.

Sex and appearance differences

Adult males and females differ in dorsal shield coverage, body proportions and feeding-related expansion; confirm stage and sex with an appropriate species key.

Life cycle

Egg, larva, nymph and adult stages are present; host-use pattern is species-specific.

Life stages

  • Egg
  • Larva
  • Nymph
  • Adult

Seasonal activity

Seasonal activity varies geographically and should be interpreted from local surveillance.

Distribution

Recorded in Tasmania and southeastern mainland Australia, especially Victoria. Presence and encounter frequency vary locally.

Presence, established populations, habitat suitability and disease risk are distinct evidence categories.

Medical and veterinary relevance

Human bites and paralysis are documented, but species confirmation can be difficult because it resembles other Australian Ixodes ticks.

Can cause clinically important tick paralysis in companion animals. Veterinary assessment is required when weakness or paralysis is suspected.

Vector and pathogen evidence

Human bites and paralysis are documented, but species confirmation can be difficult because it resembles other Australian Ixodes ticks.

Medical importance

Human-health relevance is stated only where governed evidence supports human biting or transmission; otherwise no human-vector claim is made.

Veterinary importance

Companion animals exposed in southeastern Australia should be checked promptly, and progressive weakness, altered breathing or paralysis warrants urgent veterinary care.

Prevention and removal guidance

Use habitat-appropriate tick avoidance, animal inspection and veterinary-led control.

Remove attached ticks promptly using evidence-based guidance and seek medical or veterinary advice when indicated.

Important identification and health information

Educational information and limitations

Photographs and visible features may be insufficient for definitive identification.

This educational information is not a diagnosis or a substitute for medical or veterinary advice.

This educational information does not replace examination or advice from a qualified veterinary professional.

Presence, established populations, habitat suitability and disease risk are distinct evidence categories.