Species profile

Cayenne tick

Amblyomma mixtum

A member of the Amblyomma cajennense species complex occurring from southern North America through Central America into northern South America.

Amblyomma mixtum male and female nymphs and adult female specimens in dorsal and ventral views
Taxonomic identification figure showing male and female nymphs and an adult female Amblyomma mixtum in dorsal and ventral views.

Image credit:Rodríguez-Durán et al.; CC BY 4.0; source Wild 2025, Figure 3 Licence terms — Se abre en una ventana nueva.Source — Se abre en una ventana nueva.

Image gallery

Quick facts

A member of the Amblyomma cajennense species complex occurring from southern North America through Central America into northern South America.

Uses livestock, horses, wildlife and other mammals as hosts and can be important where animals and people share tick habitat.

Recorded from Mexico through Central America and into northern South America. Records published under the older broad Amblyomma cajennense concept require taxonomic review.

Identification

Species-level confirmation should use authoritative morphological keys and, where necessary, expert or molecular examination. Photographs, host and location alone may be insufficient.

Identification requires the complete combination of family, genus and species-level morphological characters.

Use authoritative comparative keys; do not rely on colour, size, host or geography as a single diagnostic feature.

Photographs alone cannot always confirm this species.

Sex and appearance differences

Adult males and females differ in dorsal shield coverage, body proportions and feeding-related expansion; confirm stage and sex with an appropriate species key.

Life cycle

Egg, larva, nymph and adult stages are present; host-use pattern is species-specific.

Life stages

  • Egg
  • Larva
  • Nymph
  • Adult

Seasonal activity

Seasonal activity varies geographically and should be interpreted from local surveillance.

Distribution

Recorded from Mexico through Central America and into northern South America. Records published under the older broad Amblyomma cajennense concept require taxonomic review.

Presence, established populations, habitat suitability and disease risk are distinct evidence categories.

Countries and regions

  • Texas — established_widespread

    In a Texas study of 1,625 ticks removed from people and submitted during 2014–2021, Amblyomma mixtum represented 3.4% of submitted ticks. Submission frequency reflects human–tick interactions in the study dataset, not complete statewide abundance.

Medical and veterinary relevance

Human biting is documented. It is associated with spotted-fever-group rickettsiae, but organism detection, proven transmission and regional disease risk are distinct evidence categories.

Uses livestock, horses, wildlife and other mammals as hosts and can be important where animals and people share tick habitat.

Vector and pathogen evidence

Human biting is documented. It is associated with spotted-fever-group rickettsiae, but organism detection, proven transmission and regional disease risk are distinct evidence categories.

Medical importance

Human-health relevance is stated only where governed evidence supports human biting or transmission; otherwise no human-vector claim is made.

Veterinary importance

Livestock and horses in endemic areas may support adult ticks, so animal inspection and locally appropriate veterinary control help reduce infestation and human exposure.

Prevention and removal guidance

Use habitat-appropriate tick avoidance, animal inspection and veterinary-led control.

Remove attached ticks promptly using evidence-based guidance and seek medical or veterinary advice when indicated.

Important identification and health information

Educational information and limitations

Photographs and visible features may be insufficient for definitive identification.

This educational information is not a diagnosis or a substitute for medical or veterinary advice.

This educational information does not replace examination or advice from a qualified veterinary professional.

Presence, established populations, habitat suitability and disease risk are distinct evidence categories.